Al Jazara
روایت خاورمیانه 
Yesterday, Houthi militants from Yemen attacked several cities in Saudi Arabia, resulting in injuries to around 70 people, including women and children. These developments, alongside the capture of the port of "Mokha" and control over the main waterway of the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, have raised serious international concerns. The repeated attacks by the Houthis on civilian and defense facilities in Saudi Arabia raise the question of whether these conditions could lead to the activation of the "Mecca Agreement" between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan.
The Mecca Agreement and Conditions for Intervention
The Mecca Agreement, known as the mutual defense treaty between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, obligates these countries to intervene in conflicts at the request of Saudi Arabia. However, it seems that Pakistan and Turkey are not particularly inclined to intervene directly in the Yemen war. While the Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia could provide a pretext for activating this agreement, it remains unclear how the intervention of these countries would unfold in such a scenario.
Read more: Houthi Forces Advance Towards Taiz and Challenge Yemeni Government Forces
The Role of the United States and Changes in Defense Structure
The United States, as the main security partner of the Gulf countries, has long shown that it expects regional countries to take responsibility for their own defense and deterrence. For this reason, the U.S. has limited its assistance. This approach is clearly evident in practice with the reduction of U.S. military presence in the region and an emphasis on sharing responsibilities. For example, the mutual defense agreement signed by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in September 2025 reflects an effort to create a new defense structure in the region. This agreement was soon expanded with Turkey joining the "Mecca Joint Defense Agreement."
Now, in light of recent developments, the main question is whether the Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia could lead to the activation of the Mecca Agreement and what form the intervention of Pakistan and Turkey would take if such a situation occurs. These questions require an examination of vital backgrounds and precise analytical assessments to arrive at clear answers.
Read more: Saudi Arabia and Turkey's Concerns Over the Emergence of a Powerful Iran in the Middle East · The Continuation of Saudi Arabia's Stalemate in Yemen and Houthi Pressure
